What does 'hamartia' signify in the context of classical tragedy?

In classical tragedy, 'hamartia' refers to the tragic flaw or error in judgment that leads to the protagonist's downfall. This concept is crucial in understanding the structure of a tragic narrative, where a hero’s inherent imperfection—be it pride, ambition, or a lack of knowledge—sets in motion a series of events that culminate in their tragic end.

Hamartia serves as a critical element that not only makes the protagonist relatable but also illustrates the themes of fate, choice, and consequences in their journey. It emphasizes the idea that the protagonist's own actions and characteristics, rather than external circumstances alone, contribute significantly to their demise. This nuanced understanding of human imperfection is what elicits empathy from the audience, as they see reflections of their own flaws in the characters and their tragic arcs.