What does the term 'symbolism' mean in literature?

In literature, 'symbolism' refers to the use of symbols—objects, characters, figures, or colors—to represent abstract ideas or concepts, conveying meanings that go beyond their literal sense. This technique allows writers to imbue their narratives with deeper significance and to evoke emotional or intellectual responses from readers.

For example, a common symbol such as a dove can represent peace, while a journey might symbolize personal growth or discovery. By utilizing symbolism, authors enhance the layers of meaning in their work, enabling readers to interpret the text on a more profound level.

In contrast, the other options focus on different literary techniques. The first option pertains to visuals that support the story rather than representing deeper meanings. The second option discusses irony or contradictions within character behavior, which does not relate to conveying meanings through symbols. The fourth option emphasizes detailed descriptions of settings, also distinct from the use of symbols to symbolize broader concepts. Thus, the third choice correctly identifies the essence of symbolism in literature.